Comparative analysis on widely used water transferring techniques in traditional monuments Case study: Isfahan city

Iran is a desert- mountainous land and for this reason life duration is subject to design and execution of water transfer smart systems. This climatic status caused creating various solutions for water transfer. Water shortage and difficult access to drinking water in the past led the local architects to think about design and construction of structures to meet different requirements. The current paper aims to analyze effective factors in creating various techniques to use underground and ground waters in ancient buildings of Isfahan. The other researchers in this field have dealt with various dimensions of water transfer systems including their form, structure, and quality of operation and each of them has analyzed separately a part of these techniques. This paper proposes comparative structure for way of water transfer and the reasons of difference and similarity between various examples in Isfahan city for the first time and it tries to draw types of transferring of ground and underground waters e.g. types of well handle, cow-driven well handle, and their dependent elements in ancient buildings using librarian and field studies, interview with the relevant masters, and by means of 2D and 3D software and investigate data by analytical- comparative technique. It was revealed by the conducted studies that various water transfer and wastewater disposal systems have been utilized in ancient buildings. Depending on way of access to water, amount of consumed water, water storage supplies have various forms. Smartly using from level difference in creating water flow that can transfer water from higher levels to the pool is a part of this old knowledge. This study will be able to operate on water transfer systems in other cities of Iran.