Hafez's Art in Depicting the Rise and Fall of the Verses Based on Contrast

An important feature of Hafez's ghazals is his use of contrast and contradiction. Hafez by using contrast magnifies and zooms out his topics putting his verse in a "fall and rise" challenge. Zooming out and magnifying is a technique used in literature putting individuals, concepts, and themes in rise and fall situation. The poet by putting a series of themes higher and the others lower gives the reader a sense of respect and pride or frustration thus empathizing with the poet. In this article, the rise and fall used by Hafez has been classified in three themes of romance, eulogy and social. Hafez has always tried to magnify and appreciate the status of a beloved in his love themes. Also, in his eulogy poems, he has used romantic themes to express, influence and most importantly, to convey a sense of willfulness to adore. In social issues he uses a variety of techniques, including satire, which sometimes comes by contrast. By using contrast Hafez reduces a large phenomenon, and brings it to such a lower level that indeed doubles the magnitude and greatness of the opposite side.