Comparison of phenological development of Avena ludoviciana ecotypes

A precise prediction of the phenological development of weed species in crops would provide timely control for more efficient management of weeds. In order to study, experimental design was a randomized complete block split-split-plots conducted in 2012-2013 at agricultural reaserch field of University of Tehran located at Karaj, Iran. With five planting dates (26Mehr, 14 Azar, 30 Day, 24 Esfand and 4 Ordibehesht) as the main plot treatments. The main plots were split with two moisture conditions (irrigated and rainfed) as subplots. Each subplot was further split with six population (Ahvaz, Shiraz, Qaemshahr, Karaj, Kamyaran and Kermanshah). Time to main phonological stages of the A. ludoviciana populations including emergence time, tillering, heading and maturing were compared using linear regression and multivariate methods. Comparing among populations, emergence rate in two population of Kamyaran (0.11) and Karaj (0.1) was higher than the other populations. Kamyaran population with average less temperature spent each stage of phenological development. A clear clustering was obtained based on rates of phonological development and location characteristics of the population’s origin. Kamayaran and Kermanshah populations were in one cluster, karaj and shiraz were more similar, and mazandaran and Ahvaz showed significantly different from other populations. Kamyaran and Kermanshah showed a higher correlation in the weight of seeds, rate of emergence, and altitude. Ahvaz population showed close relations with temperature. In the Mazandaran population the highest tillering rate and stem elongation rate occurred. Also GDD could use for precision time of application of herbicides and could recommend minimum herbicide application, after optimization of the application, the use of such pesticide would be environmentally safe, Due to the simultaneity of the growth of wild oat and wheat.