West and modernity in terms of Mirza Malkam Khan

Malkam Khan's thinking was based on the principles on which the spread of Western civilization around the world is not only a matter of history, but also a transformation of the conditions of the evolution of social life and the cause of human happiness and prosperity. Therefore, the condition of wisdom from his point of view is to accept the ritual of European civilization from heart and soul, and to develop our thinking for the evolution of history and the spirit of time. For this reason, he calls for fundamental reform in the apparatus of the Supreme Court, with the help of Western science and principles, which makes it a prerequisite for other developments. Against Islamists, there were Western-oriented intellectuals who were fascinated west and Western values, law and customary rule as well as separation of religion and politics, etc. This stream, which constituted a broad spectrum, suggested that Iran-Western prosperity is all about being Westernized by comparing and measuring Iran-West. People like Mirza Malkam Khan, who were directly incompatible with Islam, believed that people should be thoroughly westernized.