New Hopes in fertility preservation in women with canser (review article)

Recent advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation have increased life expectancy in these patients. Toxic substances and ionizing radiation threaten endocrine activity and reproductive cycle, causing loss of fertility and early ovarian failure (POF). Common approaches to treating fertility include ovarian Oophoropexy, oocyte and embryo freezing, and freezing of ovarian tissue and transplantation. Cryopreservation of the embryo and oocyte requires hormonal stimuli to increase the number of eggs, but delay the onset of cancer treatment and directly contribute to the development of hormone-dependent tumors. On the other hand, in the freezing of the embryo, there is a need for a sexual partner (the wife or sperm donor) and is not accessible to young girls and children. For this reason, in young patients, in order to preserve fertilization, ovarian tissue cultures and then transplantation are more useful. So far, various methods have been used in ovarian transplantation on different animal and human species. Each of these methods has some advantages and disadvantages. However, many unresolved issues remain with regard to maintaining fertility in cancer patients. On the other hand, hopefuls have been opened to preserve the fertility of cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to update the research on fertility preservation strategies and to summarize the progress made in this regard.