Calculating the earth surface temperature and its relation to urban land cover classes by Landsat 8 data.( case study: Tehran city)

By development of urbanization and conversion of agricultural lands and forests to residential areas and industrial zones, the urban areas surface temperature has been increasing and thus the heat island phenomenon is created. Urban heat islands have a negative effect not only on the urban environment and its inhabitants, but also on the ecosystems that are far from it. Since, Thermal infrared remote sensing images, due to the wide coverage, are appropriate sources for mapping thermal water levels and land surface.In this study, to estimate the land surface temperature (LST), Landsat 8 satellite image sensors of TIRS and OLI bands belonging to 15 June 2014 and The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) algorithm was used. After the image processing, thermal maps of Tehran city were produced. The image of Tehran city was classified into five classes of land use includes: wasteland, residential areas, road network, vegetation area and water; to estimate the average temperature of each class. Then, using the thermal maps and generated land uses maps, the temperature arrangement of land use classes in Tehran were evaluated. The results showed that vegetation areas after water class, is the most cool class and can play an important role in modulating the land surface temperature and its surrounding. In the end, heat islands and cool islands in Tehran were identified and strategies for managing land surface temperature were presented.