The Political Reasons of Decline and Fall of Mamlukes Dynasty (1260 -1517 AD)

Islamic history researchers are always eager to know the reasons of decline and fall of Islamic dynasties. Surely the political causes are considered as the most important ones in such context, as they are the base for other factors in decline of the governments. This paper is aimed to survey the political reasons of Mamlukes state using an analytical approach. The findings reveal that lack of national and religious legitimacy had played the most important roles for such a decline. Conflicts among Mamlukes trobes like Boorji and Joolban in addition to heuristic conflict of political power structure have been decisive. The uprisings, which were mainly due to succession crises, expedited their collapse. Finally, decline of their position among Islamic world and Osmanids invasion led to their fall. This paper tries to study the reasons of this issue using desk study method and first hand references, by means of an analytical-critical approach.