Effects of different fertilization systems (bio and nano-bio) on growth, elements concentration, foliage and essential oil yield of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) under drought stress

In this regard, an experiment was conducted in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications, at the Agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University, during growing season of 2014, 2015 and 2016 years. Main plots consisted of irrigation with 30, 50, 70 and 90% of available water and subplots including plant nutrition with bioumik, nitroxin, mycorrhiza, and no fertilizer. Interaction of year, drought stress and fertilizer was significant for all studied traits. The highest plant height (37.75 cm), number of branches per plant (47.01), fresh and dry weight of herb (86.60 and 31.82 g.plant-1, respectively), foliage yield (1750 Kg.ha-1) and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus (13.35 and 0.742%) were belonged to treatment of irrigation with 90% available water and bioumik fertilizer in second year. The maximum potassium concentration (7.07%) and essential oil percentage (1.575%) and yield (31.22 and 1716.93 g.plant-1/Kg.ha-1) were obtained by irrigation with 30% available water and bioumik fertilizer in second year. Compounds of 1, 8 cineole, b-terpineol and limonene were the most important compounds of rosemary essential oil. Drought stress was caused changes and bio and nano bio-fertilizers were increased essential oil composition of rosemary. Bioumik than other fertilizers, amend better drought stress and improved the growth, foilage and essential oil yield and its compounds of rosemary. Thus, in order to achieve sustainable agriculture, it is recommended to improve agronomic and biochemical properties of rosemary.