The guardian of burden of proof in the barriers to the fulfillment of criminal responsibility in Iranian legal system

The fulfillment of criminal responsibility depends on the proof of the accused's capacity, including wisdom, maturity, discretion and knowledge, and the absence of the above mentioned factors leads to the impossibility of attributing the offense to the accused and as a result of not fulfilling his criminal liability.
By claiming the existence of the above obstacles, there has been doubted about the realization of responsibility. The implementation of the acquittal principle and necessity in equality between accused and the public prosecutor's office in the fair trial requires that the prosecutor proves the existence of perception, discretion and knowledge.
According to the Islamic Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code, the burden of proof of the lack of perceptions including minor and psychological distress caused by insanity and drunkenness (except in the intentional murder), with the consent of the expert has been held by the prosecutor, but despite of the lack of clarifying the mentioned rules, it seems that the burden of proof in respect of lacking discretion and knowledge, i.e. reluctance, compulsion, necessity and mistaken, is left to the accused.