Assessment Safety of Kashmar city’s space with emphasis on passive defense indicators

Confronting natural disasters is one of the main concerns of communities in organizing a residential urban environment. Especially in our country, there are 31 natural disasters in Iran, due to the geographical situation of natural hazards and 40 types of natural disasters registered throughout the world. Therefore, in order to achieve safety and protection against natural disasters, safety considerations should be at the top of urban planning and design. Knowing the spaces and factors that contribute to the reduction of safety requires the prevention, preparation and protection of the human environment against any kind of crisis that planners and urban managers should pay more attention to. The passive defense includes a set of actions that reduce the possible impact of direct threats without direct exposure. Therefore, actions called "passive defense" are mostly in the field of preventive actions and actions to restore the status of the area to pre-incident situations. Looking at the existing structure and political space and military paradigms in urban spaces, it seems necessary to take into account the inactive defense system's actions in the comprehensive context, in order that increase the power and authority of the system, and to reduce the physical and human vulnerability of possible aggression.