Impact of Societal Capital on Security Feeling

Security is as old as mankind's history, and its record is simultaneous with the concept of community and society. The literal concept of security is lack of threat against dominating values in a society from objective point of view, and from subjective point of view, it is the same as security feeling, itself. Security feeling means being secure or feeling that our life, properties, identity and values are safe and are not threatened and damaged. In other words, security feeling means not being worried about providing the reasonable needs of individuals at present and in future. Today, when interpreting the word security we not only concentrate on lack of threat, some desirable conditions are considered for materialization of collective objectives and requests. The discussion is based on a subjective and interpretative vision on in-secular hazards and emphasizes on software capabilities and in-secular capitals. One of the in-secular capitals emphasized on is social capital. Social capital assists people and groups in having access to public interests like security and its feeling, and effective performance of governmental organs. The statistical population of the present research is Tehrani citizens of over 18 years. According to the latest statistics, the over 18 population of Tehran is 3153072. Sampling method is random-cluster. Cochran formula is used for determining the volume of the sample, 663 persons. The tool for collecting information is a standard questionnaire for measuring the level of security feeling. A self-made questionnaire is used for assessing social capital; the present research is of correlation type. In order to analyze the data resulted from implementation of research tools, descriptive indices related to demographic factures and major variables of the research (social capital, variable) and graphs related to them are calculated and drawn. In the inferential methods, a significant correlation coefficient, multi correlation coefficient, correlation coefficient, path analysis and frequent measurement, used for testing the research hypotheses and answering the research questions. The results are displayed in separate tables. Some statistical software, especially SPSS (18), statistical (8) and Lisrel used to analyze the data. Finally, the research hypotheses expressing the positive impact of social capital (social trust, social norms, assumptions, structural social capital (social networks, society communications, and individual characteristics of citizens on security feeling (vital, economic, social, honor) approved. According to the results of the focal correlation analysis, among structural social capital constituents, the constituent of social communications with weight of 0.301 compared with the constituent of social networks with weight of 0.212 is of higher importance and has had the most impact in building this variable.