The Production and Evaluation of Nanoliposomes Containing Bioactive Peptides Derived from Fish Wastes Using the Alkalase Enzyme

In recent years, several studies have focused on the production of bioactive peptides from fish waste due to its beneficial effects on human health. Bioactive peptides with low molecular weight require protective methods to increase gastrointestinal stability and active absorption, controlled release and optimized efficacy during oral delivery. The aim of this study was to develop an oral phospholipid nanoliposomal system incorporated with bioactive peptides derived from fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in chitosan coating (0.05, 0.1, 0.5% w/v) by the alkalase enzyme. The results showed that chitosan coating greatly improved the stability of nanoliposomes. The average particle size was in the range of 339-459 nm with a zeta potential of -51.7 to +50 and a poly dispersity index (PDI) of 388- 0.487 in nanoliposomes. The Encapsulation Efficiency (EE%) values were significantly influenced by changes in the concentration of chitosan and the maximum EE% (86± 2.65) was observed in the nanoliposome coated with 0.5% chitosan. Studying the releasing rate of the peptide in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) showed the effect of coating on the stability of peptides in simulated biological environments. Also, the evaluation of antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS tests showed that there was a high activity of radical scavenging activity in nanoliposomes in chitosan-coated and non-coated samples. The results of this study showed that encapsulation of bioactive peptid in the liposomal system could be a useful approach for direct application of peptides with antioxidant potential in food products.