An Analysis of the Status of the Principle of Giving Preponderance without a Preponderant among the Muslim Theologians

The principle of giving preponderance without a preponderant is one of the philosophical rules, which is considered by many theologians after Greek philosophy came into the Islamic world, and in various cases it has been used in theological topics. The main issue is, what the Muslim theologians have taken with regard to the obviousness of the evidences of refusal and the evidences of non-refusal, and on which topics they have used this rule. The purpose of this paper is to answer this question in a coherent way; because, although this rule was of interest to philosophers and theologians, it has not been studied independently. Using a descriptive-analytical method and referring to the works of the theologians, this paper studies their views on the aforementioned topics. The findings show that, unlike most philosophers, who consider the refusal of the rule to be obvious, theologian do not agree in the obviousness and the refusal of giving preponderance without a preponderant, and even some of them insist on the possibility of the rule, and some others do not refuse giving preponderance without a preponderant by the free agent.