On the notion of sociological study of despair and pessimism on Akhavan-e- saleth’s Poems in1330 s

The inner nature of both artists and poets is located in the center of contradictions and spiritual fluctuations. Hope and optimism in contrast to despair and pessimism are one of the most common innate contradictions of most poets. Despair and pessimism which are considered to be as both spiritual and mental agitation are rooted from crisis and failures; they are caused mainly by the environment and society and will affect human’s mind. In Persian contemporary poems and especially in Akavan-e-Saleth's poems, there are more themes of despair, sadness and pessimism than those of other poets, so that Akhavan could be considered as the symbol of failure and despair in the center of contemporary poems. His artistic works of the first decade reflects not only the poet's personal problems but also social, political and cultural failures of Iran, too. Within the time period of before and after the 28th Mordad coup, Akhavan published his first three volumes as his initial artistic works. The pendulum between despair and hope in his poems has been swinging against him so that he could never detach himself from for the rest of his life. This study attempts to investigate the origins of hope and despair and their fluctuations on Akhavan's poem regarding his three volumes: 'Arghanon','Zemestan', and 'Akhar-e-Shahnameh'.