The Effect of Pairing the Personality Characteristic of Competitiveness, Non-Competitiveness and Training Environment in Observational Practice on Learning of Dart Throwing

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of pairing the personality characteristic of competitiveness, non-competitiveness and training environment in observational practice on acquisition, retention and transference of dart throwing. 60 girl students of ninth grade in high school in age range of 12-15 years were selected by accessible sampling and based on their scores in Gill and Deeter Sports Orientation Questionnaire. They were put in four groups of competitive with observational practice of competition environment, competitive with observational practice of non-competition environment, non-competitive with observational practice of competition environment and non-competitive with observational practice of non-competition environment. After pretest subjects practiced four weeks and two sessions held in every week (two observations for each session) of the intended environments. Immediately after the observational practice period, acquisition test was performed for all four groups. The delayed retention and transference phases were a week after acquisition. The data was analyzed using a data covariance analysis method. There were significant differences between competitiveness and non-competitiveness subjects in competitive and noncompetitive environment in retention and transfer tests. The mean of scores were better in subjects with the same personality characteristics with environment situation. According to interaction view, when the level of competitiveness and exercise environment competition level are in a correct and positive interaction, the best level of performance will be achieved.