Cadmium Effect on Morphologic-Anatomic Characteristics and Pigments Content of sugarcane (Saccarum officinarum L.) Var Cp48-103 In vitro Culture

Dangerous heavy metal cadmium as an environmental pollutant that has harmful effects on ecosystems and the sustainability of imports. This metal enters into the plant through the soil and causing a wide range of changes at the macro level to cell levels. Sugarcane plantlets from in vitro culture for 14 days in a 16/8 hour light / dark and temperature of 25 °C cultured at concentrations of cadmium were 0,100, 250, 500µM. After sampling, morphometric parameters and amount of pigments was evaluated. After preparing the manual cutting of roots and leaves, dyeing with Carmmin and Metylen blue was prepared slides were observed with a microscope. The results of 49 features of morphometric data showed index average green leaves, wet weight, root length and height of plant is reduced. Measurement of chlorophyll showed that with increasing cadmium concentration of chlorophyll a, b and total, while the amount of carotenoids increased significantly. Cadmium-treatment increased xylem and the thickness of the bundle sheath cells in leaves as well as increased levels of vascular cells, endoderm, exoderm and was at the root cortex and pit cells. Cadmium with changes in plant water relations are the effects on photosynthesis, transpiration and respiration on morphological characteristics and the amount of pigments of plants. The metal is also due to the induction of premature differentiation of cells of plants especially the root causes anatomical changes in the sugarcane.