The Relationship between Situational Context and Language Semantic Layers in ‘Expression of Comportment Chapter’ of the Book ‘Al-Ensan Al-Kamel’ relying on Halliday’s Systematic Functional Grammar Approach

The ‘expression of comportment’ is one of the 22 chapters of the book ‘Al-Ensan Al-Kamel written by Aziz al-Din Nasafi in the seventh AH. In this chapter, he attempts to educate and motivate his audience by introducing and explaining the steps of comportment and its necessities. In this study, it is tried to become acquainted with the predominant speech of Nasafi about the concept of comportment and the conversational mechanisms and tools he adapted in this work by benefiting from the ‘text and meaning relationship with situational context’ theory in the systematic functional grammar of Halliday and investigating the parts in which an ideological and semantic value exists. Also, it is tried to express the relationship between the three-fold layers of situational context which are ‘range, nature and manner of speech’ and language semantic layers which are ‘ideational meta-function, interpersonal, and textual’. The author of this chapter has used the directive-didactic speech, and as it is apparent from the range and nature of speech that its audience is a ‘beginner Dervish’ and the persistence on ideological concepts are the most outstanding expressive mechanism of Nasafi. Intensifying methods, negation and exception, presentation of negation particles, the use of intensifying words in the negative sentences structure, the order of ‘syntactic structure’, placing imperative and deprecation verbs (mostly from knowing and understanding infinitives) at the beginning of sentences and the high use of these infinitives, using simple and understandable allegories and similes in an informal language and, especially, various repetitions are all among the expressive tools of Nasafi in the field of transferring his thoughts to his audience with an intensified tone. The range of speech in the different chapters of this chapter concerns the instruction of the main concepts of comportment. The central characters of the comportment conversations are the ‘wayfarer’ and ‘the old one/Guide’ which are the representation of mental and materialistic procedures, respectively.