The Role of Melatonin on Metabolic Factors related to Periodontal Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Regarding to various controlling and therapeutic interventions, the risk of periodontal disease in diabetics is three times that of non-diabetics. Because of the central role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes, interest in the use of antioxidants, including melatonin, as a complete therapeutic approach has increased. Therefore, this review study was performed to investigate the role of melatonin on metabolic factors associated with periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This review study was conducted on various databases including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Persian databases such as Magiran and SID and keywords such as type 2 diabetes, periodontal disease, melatonin, hyperglycemia, lipid profile, hypertension, obesity, and Inflammatory factors were carried out from 2000 to 2018.

A review of studies indicates that melatonin supplementation can reduce progressive damage of periodontal tissue, blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, hypertension, obesity and inflammatory factors in T2DM patients with periodontal disease, and therefore it has a significant role in improving of these patients. On the other hand, it has been shown that increased blood glucose can reduce the production of melatonin from the pineal gland in diabetic patients. Therefore, the supplementation with melatonin in these patients can play a useful role in increasing the production of melatonin in the body by reducing blood glucose levels.

The obtained results showed that melatonin supplementation with its antioxidant role can have a beneficial role in improving the survival of T2DM patients with periodontal disease by balancing inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.