The Role of Police in Collecting Electronic Evidence in Cyberspace in the legal system of Iran, France and the Convention on Cybercrime

Nowadays, information technology in the hands of criminals and computers facilitated crime in the virtual world and even in the real world. The purpose of this study was to compare the role and powers of the police in collecting electronic evidence in the legal system of Iran and France and the Convention on Cybercrime. Research The purpose of this research is applied and based on a descriptive-analytical method based on library resources using existing resources to investigate, describe and analyze various aspects and angles of the research subject. Also, the analysis of the collected information was qualitative and based on the researcher's inference from sources and texts. The findings of the study indicate that under the laws of Iran, France and the Convention on Cybercrime, the process of investigating, discovering, and collecting evidence in cyberspace is entrusted to the police. There are many differences and similarities between the conventions and regulations of the two countries Iran and France and in Iran, the police play a central role in the search and seizure of evidence. The results show that the police face serious challenges in gathering evidence in cyberspace for the sake of anonymity as well as the speed at which the crime scene disappears, and obtaining such evidence require sufficient expertise in information technology and compliance with technical rules and principles. In the legal system of Iran and France, police are the first to deal with electronic forensics and play a key role in collecting, documenting and even evaluating evidence.