Explaining the Causes of Single Child Based on Women's Views: A Qualitative Study

Low fertility reduces the workforce and causes population aging. Hence, childbearing and its determinants are important issues in demographic policies. This study was conducted to explain the causes of single child according to women’s views. 

This qualitative study was the second part of a sequential explanatory study carried out using a conventional content analysis approach and inductive reasoning. The research population comprised married women aged 15-49 years old living in Babol who had one child and did not intend to have any pregnancies in the future. The subjects were selected via a target-based sampling method. After receiving written consent, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data saturation was achieved after 13 interviews. 

The findings showed that single child was affected by the media and social patterns associated with their own priorities. Uncertainty about the future and marital conflicts boosted having only one child. In fact, there were issues that forced women to accept "single child” in spite of "single child complaints" and try to a find a meaning for life with only one child. 

Apart from economic issues, there are many social issues involved in child-rearing, and demographic policy-makers should consider these issues in order to achieve their desired demographic goals.