A Review on the Factors Affecting the Design and Construction of Forest Roads in the Hyrcanian Growth Area

Roads are not indispensable in forest management and without them there is no possibility of achieving different management goals and permanent access to different parts of the forest. Economic, protective and service objectives can only be achieved by building a suitable network of access roads to the forest. Since the forests of the north of the country are the only natural source for supplying the timber needed by the country's industries, the significance of these goals is significant. Therefore, the first step in the implementation of any forestry plan is to design and construct a road network with a density and appropriate coverage in the area in question. Without roads, access to most forestry products and services will not be possible, although it should be noted that the construction of a forest road has the greatest impact on forest exploitation operations, which causes the destruction of the forest environment. On the other hand, the forest road is especially important due to the heavy costs associated with design and construction as well as the negative effects on the environment and wildlife. For this reason, at all stages of project preparation and construction of forest roads, the network is being tried The road is designed and constructed to provide the least harm to the environment in addition to easy access to the entire forest level. One of the things that should be considered in designing a road is the discussion of tourist and recreation, which is a perfect road that can be used as a recreational amusement. Thus, in designing the road, it is necessary to maintain the ecological balance of the forest and to preserve biodiversity and maintain the biological bases of endangered species and to preserve the nature of the protective zones of the fishing hunting, other local recreation and economic needs, Social and Demonstration. The study method of this study was qualitative and with the review of library resources. A review of studies has shown that for designing of forest road network, all aspects have to be taken into account and all relevant factors such as physiography, soil science, geology, vegetation and socio-economic factors should be considered for conservation and Optimized productivity.