Assessment of Liver Histopathology in Female Rats with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome and Its Therapeutic Methods with the Aim to Reduce Injury

Metabolic syndrome is one of the most common metabolic disorders that put a person at many risks, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Moreover, the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, especially in younger people has led to an increase in its incidence in pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus is one of the risk factors for labor, and the incidence of major malformation is twice as high as in women with diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological changes of the liver in mothers with diabetes and metabolic syndrome and to review the existing therapeutic methods.  This study was conducted on 34 wistar rats. Animals were divided into nine groups. Female rats were prepared for sampling and microscopic studies after the pregnancy period was passed. In diabetic groups, the effects of diabetes were reduced only by taking metformin, and exercise had no effect on healing the liver tissue, while in the group of metabolic syndrome, exercise could reduce the effects of syndrome and this result was more effective than metformin and the combination of metformin and exercise also had significant rehabilitation effects on liver. In some variables, such as hyperemia and inflammation, these effects were observed less than those who only exercised. In metabolic syndrome group, who exercised, no hyperemia and inflammation was observed, while in metabolic syndrome group under metformin treatment and exercise, inflammation and congestion were observed. The results show the combination of metformin, and sports exercise can reduce changes caused by metabolic syndrome and probably diabetes.