Interleukin 35 levels in saliva of type 2 diabetic patients with moderate chronic periodontitis

Periodontitis is a common disease in patients with diabetes. There is a significant relationship between hyperglycemic degree and severity of periodontitis, but the base of mechanism of this relationship has not been fully defined. Considering the important role of cytokines in periodontal pathogenesis and considering that there has been no study on the comparison of interleukin 35 (IL-35) in these diseases, the aim of this study was to determine the level of this salivary cytokine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with generalized moderate chronic periodontitis.

Totally, 88 subjects (44 female, 44 males) with a mean age of 42.5±10.5 years old participated in this case control study. The subjects were divided into four groups and each group included 22 subjects: Group 1: generalized moderate chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes, Group 2: generalized moderate chronic periodontitis patients without diabetes, Group 3: diabetic patients with normal periodontium, Group 4: healthy periodontium and non-diabetic group (control) Then saliva were collected and centrifuged, the amount of IL-35 was determined with commercial ELISA kit. Data were analyzed . ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to compare the groups.

The Mean±SD of IL-35 was significantly higher in the control group (22.59±8.36, p<0.05) than other groups (Group1: 13.12±5.62, Group2: 14.27±8.55, Group3: 15.12±8.13). Mean comparison of IL-35 in other groups had no significant difference (P>0.05).

The salivary IL-35 level is decreased in both periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. However, diabetes mellitus does not exacerbate this decline in patients with periodontitis.