Status of Principle of Freedom of Evidence in Commercial Claims from the Perspective of Iranian and French Law

The principle of freedom of evidence in commercial claims, has established its status in law of some countries such as France, considering the fundamental requirements such as speed and ease of proceedings and the consideration of characteristics of business in the proceedings. This principle indicates that in commercial cases, a claim can be proven by any means, without any limitations in their ability to prove, such as testimony, invoices, purchase orders or emails etc.. The principle of freedom of evidence abandons two pillars of the system of the preuve légale (admissible determined types of evidences and limited probative value of some of them) and establishes a different evidence system for commercial law. However, it seems unnecessary in Iranian law to establish the principle, due to elimination of limitations set on probative value of testimony and presumptions after Islamic Revolution of Iran and use of capacities of legal establishments such as the presumptions and the judge knowledge. This point of view makes it necessary to engage expert judges that are familiar with business affairs in the judiciary more than ever.