Assessing crowd evacuation models in buildings and comparing the phenomenon of congestion In Fluid dynamic models and Agent-based models

Some places, such as airports, train stations, stadiums and etcetera be propitious to crowd formation. The existence of such sites is acutely interested in the development of technologies to improve the security and comfort of those places for governments, managers, researchers, designers and other professionals. One of these new technologies is the computer-based population simulation that has been developed based on a variety of models. Researches show that evacuation models can be effectively used to study moving strategies and building safety issues. Understanding evacuation models allows engineers to design better places and also to figure out the best way to guide people when choosing an evacuation route. The suitability of evacuation models is related to their flexibility in displaying different output components and complex behavioral patterns of occupants. By using a documentary study in this fundamental research were identified six basic modeling approaches including regression, fluid-dynamic, rule-based, social force, cellular automata, and agent-based models and these models were divided into three levels of microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic based on their focus on the level of individual and social behaviors. Then, by computer simulation, the phenomenon of congestion was compared at three levels and in three different scenarios. Finally, using the content analysis method, the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches were discussed. The results indicate that selecting the appropriate model with the behavioral characteristics of the study in planning and studying the evacuation of the population is great importance. Therefore, based on the behavioral levels and objectives of the study, a suitable evacuation model has been proposed. Using the results of this research can be useful for choosing the appropriate model for population evacuation by researchers, managers, planners and designers of architecture and urban planning