Relationship between mother's employment with happiness and academic self-efficacy of students

Maternal employment and its impact on happiness and child's academic self-efficacy are among the most important issues in advanced societies, and today it has received special attention in many countries where women enter the labor market. The purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between mother's employment with happiness and academic self-efficacy of primary school students.

The present study method is descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of the present study included the first elementary school students in Shahre Rey in the academic year of 1395-1396, with 10120 students, of whom 370 were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. All respondents completed demographic information, Oxford Happiness Questionnaires (Argyle & Lev, 1990), and educational self-efficacy (Jinx & Morgan, 1999). Data were analyzed using Paired-point correlation, Pearson correlation, and t-test.

Findings analysis showed that there were no significant relationship between mother's employment with happiness of students (R= 0.074, P≤ 0.075). There were no significant relationship between mother's employment with educational self-efficacy of students (R= 0.003, P≤ 0.477). Also, there were no significant difference between happiness of students based on mother's employment (T= -1.448, P≤ 0.481). And there were no significant difference between educational self-efficacy of students based on mother's employment (T= 0.059, P≤ 0.231). Also, as a side finding, there were no significant relationship between age with student's happiness (R= -0.015, P≤ 0.384) and between age and students' educational self-efficacy (R = 0.06, P≤ 0.104).

The findings showed that there is no significant relationship between mother's employment and student's happiness and educational self-efficacy. Also, there is no significant difference between happiness and educational self-efficacy of students based on mother's employment.