Pure Monotheism: Analysis and Explanation of the Components and a Comparison with Rival Views

The matter of God’s Unity is addressed in three capacities: 1. necessity, 2. Divinity, and 3. real existence. Regarding unity in the position of real existence various beliefs exist; for example, the beliefs of the common people, the Peripatetic philosophers, the ignorant from among the Sufis as well as their elders, the Pahlavi scholars, Mirdamad and Davvani, the great mystics the Pahlavi scholars and the transcendental philosophers. Mulla Sadra also has many views in this regard in different periods and discussion of his The Transcendent Philosophy of the Four Journeys of the Intellect. This paper compares the aforementioned beliefs and views with each other and ultimately, introduces the pure and sincere Unity of God from among them which is free from all other errors as well. Pure monotheism is monotheism that is not polluted with any type of polytheism regarding real existence and this is only the view of the mystics and transcendental philosophers; this is also the final view of Mulla Sadra. The aforementioned view is based on the view of the unity of existence and existents while preserving the plurality of both and according to that, existence and existent is limited only to God’s essence and at the same time it has real and various manifestations and illuminations; on the other hand, even though existence and existents have different and real manifestations, at the same time, they are one and limited to God’s existence. It is clear that this study is descriptive-analytic.