Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Base Metal and Noble Alloys on Human Gingival Fibroblast

All dental alloys release some elements into the oral cavity which may have negative effects on body cells. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of base metal and noble alloys on the survival rate of human gingival fibroblasts.

For the purposes of the study, fibroblasts were isolated from healthy human gingival tissue during crown lengthening surgery. In the third passage, fibroblasts were exposed to different concentrations of two base metal alloys (i.e., VeraBond 2, Commend) and two noble alloys (i.e., Degubond 4, Pal Kermit 2). To ensure the repeatability of the results, at least six samples of each material were prepared (n=18) and the survival rate of fibroblasts was evaluated using the MTT assay after 9 and 15 days. The collected data were statistically analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using the ANOVA test.

According to the findings, the alloy type, alloy concentration, and the duration affected the remaining-cell ratio. The most and least remaining cells were observed in the presence of Degubond 4 and VeraBond 2 alloys, respectively. Moreover, the average percentage of the remaining cells at the concentration of 20 was significantly more than that at the concentration of 60 which was, in turn, more than that at the concentration of 100. Besides, the average percentage of the remaining cells in Degubond 4 and Commend on day 9 of the research was significantly more than that on day 15. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in Pal Kermit 2 and VeraBond 2 on days 9 and 15 of the research.

VeraBond 2 base metal alloy decreases the survival rate of fibroblasts, based on the concentration, significantly more than the other alloys. Degubond 4 noble alloy has significantly the lowest negative effect on the survival rate of fibroblasts. Therefore, given the average percentage of the remaining cells, VeraBond 2 alloy has mild toxicity, and the other ones are biocompatible.