Sclopetaria; Systematic Review and Case Report of the Prognosis and Treatment Mechanism

To report a case of traumatic sclopetaria and to present a review on the mechanism of traum, disease prognosis, and treatment methods.

A 18-year-old male was assaulted with an air gun from a 3-meter distance. The projectile had entered the left orbit without rupturing the globe. He presented to the emergency room with BCVA of hand motion OS and 20/20 OD. He had a left rAPD. He had a 4-millimeter superonasal palpebral laceration. On funduscopic examination, there was Berlin’s edema in the posterior pole in addition to a sectoral chorioretinal rupture. The intact sclera was seen beyond the site of rupture. Orbital imaging revealed a 4-millimeter projectile captured in the orbital cavity, situated near the site of chorioretinal damage outside the globe. The patient was diagnosed with traumatic sclopetaria, and after the vitreoretinal specialist consult, he was planned to be observed. On follow-up examination, the ruptured structures were replaced by the pigmented scar, and BCVA was improved to finger counting.

Concomitant necrosis of the retina and choroid can be caused by penetrating orbit damage by high-velocity objects that stop without damading the globe in the orbit, and usually heals with extensive scarring at the site of necrosis and rupture. The patient's vision depends on the site of the trauma and the side effects of corticosteroids. There is no consensus on the treatment of this penetrating trauma and the decision is made based on the patient's condition. The main consensus in the management of these patients is their observation.