Studying Hamza Agha Mangour's Role ln Sheikh Ubydallah Shemdinani's Uprising against the Qajar Dynasty (1297 AH/AD 1880)

Hamza Agha was the chief of the Mangour tribe who amid Iran's economic and political disorder during Nasseri era, Kurds' dissidence from Qajarid rulers and tax pressures provoked a rebellion among the tribes of Kurds in Iran. In the Ottomans, Kurds revolted with similar goals led by Sheikh Ubaidullah Shemdinani against the rule of Nasir al-Din Shah. Their leader was the one of the Sheikhs of the Naghshbandi order. Using religious and sectarian beliefs, Hamza Agha and Sheikh Ubaidullah gathered a huge army of Kurdish tribes and invaded the border towns of Persia and the Ottomans and killed a large number of people. This research, adopting a sociological approach and employing a descriptive-analytical method, aims to investigate the two riots and the effect of the presence of Hamza Agha as the theorist to transform the riots into an uprising with a religious order of a nationalist type. The findings show that Hamza Agha Mangour played a major role in provoking Sheikh to a religious uprising against Nasseri's reign.