Rethinking the Theory of Natural Law in Philosophical Theology:Investigating the Meta-ethics approach of Prof. Phineas and Allameh Taleghani

In the history of Islamic and Christian thought, natural law is one of the most important theories that has explained the nature of morality recommended by religion. Professor Phineas (Christian philosopher and theologian) and Allameh Taleghani (Islamic philosopher and theologian) are two well-known figures in philosophy and theology. In this paper, regardless of the moral content of the theory of these two thinkers, we examine the consequences of their principles and show that the logical re-reading of their foundations from the perspective of theology, anthropology, epistemology and metaphysics leads to a strong reading of the religious theory of natural law. ; Strong reading is a reading that, along with realistic metaphysics, acknowledges a kind of "natural epistemology" in religious ethics, meaning that in addition to advocating the objectivity of the norms of religious ethics, which for these two thinkers is equivalent to natural law, states that it is possible to know the contents of these norms without referring to the sacred texts and only in the light of natural wisdom.