Role of Endothelial progenitor cells in angiogenesis with the approach of physical activity

The vascular endothelium represents a dynamic boundary between the circulation and the surrounding tissue. These single-layer endothelial cells act as a non-adherent surface for platelets and leukocytes and produce a variety of regulatory factors such as prostaglandins and nitric oxide. Endothelial Proliferative Cells (EPCs) are a rare population of cells that can be stimulated by various stimuli, including ischemia, exercise, cytokines, chemokines, hormones, and medications to help preserve endothelial health, prevent endothelial dysfunction, and increase the process of phototherapy.  These cells can improve the function of the ischemic organ organs by inducing angiogenic mediates in places with low oxygen storage or by stimulating the reconstruction of endothelial cells of the damaged blood vessels.  In this review study, signaling pathways, stimuli and factors affecting the production and activation of endothelial progenitor cells in normal and in exercise mode will be investigated. 

The results indicate that endothelial progenitor cells have an important role in the development of angiogenesis. There are two initial and delayed subsets for EPCs that delayed EPCs have the potential to differentiate into endothelial cells. Initial EPCs have more potential to promote vascular repair through paracrine.And in all stages of invoking, deployment, invasion and differentiation of these cells, the various subunits of intrigines are of great importance. Various factors, such as testosterone, palmitate, TNF-α, and physical activity, affect the accumulation of EPCs. Regular physical activity, especially aerobic activity, depending on the intensity and duration of exercise, improves the function of these cells.