Technical and economic evaluation of different tillage and nitrogen levels in dryland wheat

In order to investigate the effects of different levels of tillage and nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield in rotation with chickpea and introduce best economic treatment, a split plot experiment based on  randomized complete block design with 3 replicates during 4 years were conducted. tillage methods (minimum tillage and no tillage) were located in main plots and different nitrogen fertilizer application (without nitrogen application, 30, 45 and 60 kg/ha pure nitrogen) was located in sub plots. The results showed that tillage treatment did not have a significant effect on grain yield. The effect of tillage treatment on soil moisture was significant and in without tillage, soil moisture was higher than low tillage. The results of the economic evaluation showed that no tillage treatment with 60 kg/ha of pure nitrogen fertilizer with The ratio of the difference in the present value of the interest to the difference in the present value of the expenses, equivalent 43.6 was recognized as the best financial treatment. In the treatment without tillage and 45 kg/ha of pure nitrogen this ratio was 41.2 and was ranked second. Finally, due to the importance of designing cultivation systems and with respect to environmental principles and ecosystem services and in order to increase the sustainability and productivity of production and production of healthy and high quality products, without tillage treatment and consumption of 45 kg/ha Nitrogen (T0N45) as the most economical treatment in areas Cold rain is recommended.