Analyzing the Challenges of Tehran Urban Facades in the Recent Century

Facade is one of the most effective elements on the visual quality of the city which makes a part of the landscape, but it has become one of the most important chal - lenges in iranian cities due to the disorder and chaos. In spite of the explanation of the problem in some academic circles and also the concerns of urban managers in last decade, the facades are still chaotic. The reason could be found at our point of view and the answer is not limited in the physical dimensions. So, the aim of this study is to investigate the visual characteristics and effective factors of the of urban facades formation in order to determine a conceptual model of its effective factors. The irst step is to study the evolution of urban facades in the recent century; Ghajar, Pahlavi and the Islamic republic periods. These factors have been investigated and analyzed by deep interviews with experts, people’s ideas through questionnaire and study of relevant documents. After all these analysis, the three main components of the facade including identity, morality and beauty and on the other hand two other factors including stockholders and time-place related conditions are identiied as effective factors on urban facades in each mentioned period. In conclusion, some solutions to improve urban facades including: 1- Urban and architecture education, 2- Urban management, 3- Public awareness, 4- Urban documents and laws have been explained