A Comparative Study of the Status of Reason in Empirical Cognition from the Perspective of Immanuel Kant and Martyr

Using a comparative method, this paper studies the status of reason in empirical cognition from the perspective of Immanuel Kant and martyr Motahhari to explain their solutions to solve the problem of empirical knowledge. Kant mentions meanings for reason and considers reason in the sense of understanding to have epistemic validity. He considers the judgment of reason to be invalid in the field of metaphysics, and valid in the field of physics due to its temporality and locative nature. To solve the problem of empirical cognition, Kant proposed earlier authorial rulings and for its totality and objectivity, he uses categories of pure understanding. He also considers the correct knowledge of the concept of reason and its function to be involved in the diagnosis of correct empirical knowledge. But martyr Motahhari considers the role of reason in empirical knowledge through the precedence of obvious rational rules for empirical knowledge, and solves the problem of empirical cognition by using secondary intelligibles in empirical knowledge. He depicts the role of reason in empirical knowledge in two areas of perceptions and affirmations. In the case of perceptions, empirical and sensory perceptions preceded and laid the groundwork for rational imaginations and in the realm of affirmations, originality is with reason, and rational affirmations take precedence over empirical affirmations and without reason, no verdict or confirmation will be achieved, not even empirical confirmation.