Combination of Ethical Traditions in the "Testament of the Prophet to Abū Dharr al-Ghifāri"

“The Testament of the Prophet to Abū Dharr al-Ghifāri” is one of the long Traditions narrated in Amāli of al-Ṭūsī (d.1067) containing dozens of phrases, each one expresses an ethical advice to Abū Dharr. This article concentrates on the whole format of this Hadith and by tracking each of its separated components in other antecedent Islamic corpora, elucidates that this Testament in its present format is a fabricated Hadith; its major part (more than 60%) has been configured by selecting and combining some of pietistic and renunciatory Hadiths from Kitāb al-Zuhd written by Abdullāh Ibn Mubārak al-Marwzī (d.797). Furthermore, it is shown that the fabricator had access to an unalike version of Ibn al-Mubārak’s book and placed the chosen hadiths in a similar order to Kitāb al-Zuhd by omitting the chain of transmission and editing the texts to provide the Testament to Abū Dharr al-Ghifāri. Besides, the article sheds light on the biographical evaluations of accused narrators of Hadith(Rowāt) to conclude the whole of this unveiling, as an exterior evidence for the accuracy of Shia biographical evaluators’(Rijālī) reports.