A review of the release of cytotoxic ions from fixed orthodontic wires in laboratory environments

The use of metal alloys is an integral part of orthodontic treatment. In order to complete the treatment period, these metal alloys are used for a long time in orthodontic patients and Direct contact with saliva and food causes corrosion of metals and release of ions. Since the increase in the amount of ions released causes a cytotoxic state for the body, the present review study briefly examined the release of cytotoxic ions from fixed orthodontic wires in vitro. In this review study, articles related to Persian keywords (Orthodontic appliances, Chromium Ions, Nickel Ions, Metal Ions Release, Saliva, Orthodontic Treatment) in the Persian Data bases of Magiran, noormags, Irandoc, Scientific Information Database (SID) and English Keywords (Orthodontic appliances, Chromium Ions, Nickel Ions, Metal Ions Release, Saliva, Orthodontic Treatment) External databases were searched by Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ISI during the years 2001 to 2019 and 21 related articles in this field were reviewed. Findings from studies showed that during orthodontic treatment, metal ions such as nickel, chromium and cobalt are released from components such as brackets, wires and orthodontic bands and They are important because they can cause hypersensitivity and cytotoxic conditions. Therefore, more studies are needed to investigate the effects of various laboratory dimensions, including the effects of temperature, variable times, and types of mouthwash brands, to help more accurately identify and detect the release of toxic ions.