Investigating the role of spectator presence and competitive anxiety on athlete's athletic performance with meta-analysis

This study has been done with the aim of benefiting an innovative way of research, entitled "Meta-analysis" to analyze and synthesize the results conducted in the country in the field of studies regarding athletic performance.

To this end, 25 studies have been conducted on the performance of athletes and 24 studies were selected among them that were appropriate to review for the meta-analysis. Studies on the list, were selected for the meta-analysis based on the methodological components such as questions, hypotheses, objectives, statistical population, sampling, methodology, statistical methods, validity and reliability of the questionnaires.

The results of the present study showed that based on the combination of effect size method of "Vhantr Schmidt" there is a negative relationship between competitive anxiety and athletic performance. Also, the relationship between the presence of spectators and athletes' athletic performance is significant and positive.

This information can be used in planning and training programs associated with sport performance.