Literature under Sickle and Hammer (The Effectiveness of Communism on the World Literary Movement)

Communist literature as a branch of committed literature has effected on the all of Europe and many parts of eastern world and Russia at the end of the nineteenth century. Although communist ideology is the result of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’ theories, the feature of “Social Democracy” in the Russia labor party is the main reason of communism’s becoming international and its expansion. There are two approaches in the merging of literature and ideology: first, the movements which have accepted communism event though it was short time and superficial and second, the movements which were against communism and its commitments. In the interim, Socialist Realism can be called most serious literary-social movement after Renascence in Russia. Aftermath, even Surrealism was engaged in communism ideology by André Breton and kept aloof from its early manifestation. Existentialism also, as a philosophical literature and under the pretext of responsibility of human kind has entered another kind of communism into literature. On the other hand, Expressionism movement in West Germany, extremely criticized communism policies and becoming of labor to automated machine.it put anit-communism and evasion from responsibility and Absurd against communism. Thus, different and opposite movements emerged under the shadow of communism which have weakened the artistic definition of “Literary Masterpiece”.