A Comparative Study of the Methods of Torture in the Shahnameh, Iliad and Ramayana

The present paper, considering that one of the best ways to explain any problem is to compare it with homogeneous examples, based on the American school in comparative literature studies and descriptive-analytical method has explored the tortures in the great epics of "Shahnameh", "Iliad", and "Ramayana" to examine how the approach of world's three epic climates and answer the question What motives were used for torture essentially? The findings show that most of the torture took place in the absence of a coherent judicial system as a method of punishment, with the intention of revenge and with the motive of destroying the opposition. Some of the methods of torture in these three works were similar or close to each other; In some cases, however, torture was limited to a specific geography. "Shahnameh" has allocated the highest and "Ramayana" the lowest frequency of torture. The most horrible and cruel tortures, such as beheading, piercing the shoulder, tearing the abdomen, sewing on the raw, piercing the nose, skinning and burying alive, are reflected only in Ferdowsi's "Shahnameh".