Analysis of the cultural element of ecology in Arabic to Persian translation based on Newmark theoretical framework

Differences in languages are one of the basic human problems that are considered as an obstacle for human beings to communicate with each other and one of the main and safe ways to overcome this obstacle is to use translation. Newmark, one of the contemporary theorists, divides cultural elements into five categories that the translator must know in order to properly transfer the cultural burden of the source language to the target language, and he has tried to provide suitable solutions for translators by proposing 17 ways to translate these elements. In this regard, the authors of the article decided to highlight the role of one of these cultural elements called the cultural element "ecology" based on the Newmark theoretical framework using a descriptive-analytical method to be determined which methods have Iranian translators used the most in translating this element in their translations, and to what extent they have been successful in translating it correctly into the target language?