Equity; Nature, Types and Functions

Fairness in the sphere of law, which is used, by a judge or an arbitrator, in resolving disputes, in general, refers to one of two concepts of "equity" or "ex aequo et bono". The first concept is a general principle of law, itself consists of three types with different kinds of functions, all three of which are legal norms and, in deciding a case, is considered as part of law, recourse to them often does not require consent of parties to a dispute. Depending on the type of defect in the norms, infra legem by providing an interpretation in accordance with existing facts, the function of moderation, praeter legem which through the filling of legal gaps, has a supplementary function and contra legem by abandoning the governing law when conflicting rules, plays the replacement role of legal rules. Despite the important role of principles of law in the settlement of disputes and its application in international law, this principle has not been addressed in domestic law.