Investigation of environmental factors affecting the health of children under 15 years old using GIS and Fuzzy logic method (Study area: Tehran)

The basic elements that are considered as social factors of health have different structures in political, socio-economic fields. While socio-economic and political contexts are directly related to social, economic, public and health policies at the national level. In addition, this structure includes socio-economic dimensions such as income, education, occupation, social class, gender and ethnicity. Experience has shown that children who grow up in low-income or unfavorable environmental conditions, including residential structures, are more likely to become ill than children who live in better environmental, social, and economic conditions. This situation shows the importance of city planning in terms of providing better conditions for children's health. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental factors of children's health using geographic information technology (GIS). For this purpose, various social determinants in terms of political (quality and quantity of medical services), structural (educational and social class) and mediators (physical environment, housing and neighborhood) in Tehran were studied. A total of 6 criteria were selected by experts and surveys among families with children, including air pollution, pediatric hospitals, parks, congested traffic, and pediatric population in areas of Tehran. Citizen-centered data used by 10 households in Tehran for validation. The fuzzy product model was almost in line with the people's spatial surveys, indicating that areas with greater well-being and areas with heavy rules were better placed on these criteria.