Assessing the effects of volcanoes on the qualitative changes of groundwater resources using quantitative and qualitative modeling of Khash aquifer

The quality of groundwater resources is of particular importance due to the necessity of utilization and type of consumption. The aquifers adjacent to the volcanoes are affected by these sources exhibiting different behaviors. These aquifers are highly vulnerable and their water quality is affected by sources of volcanic pollutants. In this study, the qualitative status of the Khash aquifer in the south of Taftan volcano has been investigated. The purpose of this study was to identify the contaminant sources of this aquifer. Therefore, in addition to sampling and qualitative analysis, MT3D qualitative simulation model was used. Simulation of qualitative model and regional analysis of groundwater flow in the area revealed that the southern part of the aquifer in addition to underground nutrient flows in the northern part also has direct feeding from the altitudes and this increased TDS and sulfate concentrations in this part of the aquifer. Investigations showed that in this section more than 12% of TDS and 30% of sulfate increased. This increase, in addition to the lack of operational management, also indicates the existence of underground currents that have exacerbated the situation of human interference. Surveys showed that the amount of gas in groundwater resources in the northern part of the aquifer was high and this increase also acidified groundwater resources in the region.. This increase, in addition to the lack of operational management, also indicates the existence of underground currents that have exacerbated the situation of human interference. Surveys showed that the amount of gas in groundwater resources in the northern part of the aquifer was high and this increase also acidified groundwater resources in the region.