Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of 16s rRNA region in Camelus dromedaries and Camelus bactrianus of Iran

Camel is a resistant species to drought and cold weather and produces milk and meat in harshest environmental condition. Camel population has been decreasing during last decades in Iran, and genetic studies are quite necessary for considering the conservation and productivity of this species. The aim of this study was to bioinformatics and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial sequence of 16sr RNA gene in Iranian camelus dromedaries and Camelus bactrianus.In the present study, the blood samples were collected from 10 Bactrian and 10 dromedary camels, and DNA was extracted; the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene with 1512 bp was amplified using specific primers. Sequencing was performed by automated Sanger method. Then complete nucleotide sequencing of Iranian two-humped and one-humped camels was performed by Sangar automatic method and then the obtained sequences were compared with the sequences obtained from other studies. The results showed that the nucleotide similarity of 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene with the complete sequence of other camels in the World Bank of the gene was calculated to be 93.98 to 100%. Comparison of nucleotide sequence, construct of the genetic distance matrix and drawing of phylogenetic tree, the complete sequence obtained genetic distance analysis showed that Iranian one-humped camels are most similar to Arabian one-humped camels and Iranian double-humped camels are most similar to western two-humped camels. The drawing of this tree also showed that the population of Iranian camels is a monophyletic group.