Semantic-Content Interpretation of types of Bird's motifs in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Carpets with Symbolic Approach

Bird motif is a commonly used figure in the art of this country especially carpet weaving and is found in different parts of carpets and in various forms and concepts. This indicates the importance of this creature for people. Bird motif has long been widely used and in various forms in carpet weaving, this local, ancient and venerable art. Many of these bird figures have symbolic meanings and have special positions in the culture and the literature of this country. These symbolic meanings may include concepts such as victory of good over evil, luck and prosperity, spring tidings, pleading for fertility and rain, and mystic and religious concepts. There has been an inseparable connection between Persian carpets and bird motif in various forms because Persian carpets are a visualization of paradise or heaven. Bird motifs are seen as a symbol of soul, flight and freedom and this is the underlying reason behind the relation and connection between carpets and bird motifs. Most of these birds are weaved realistically or as abstract figures on tree branches in Persian carpet, sometimes flying and sometimes sitting. Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari is one of the regions which uses bird motifs realistically or as abstract figures in designing carpets. This study begins by providing a short explanation about carpets and bird motifs as well as a giving a comparative semiotic explanation on the role of bird motifs. Bird motifs designed in the art of carpet weaving in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari are shown in a table, firstly according to their type and then their form. A classification of the bird’s positioning in the carpet of this region and its relation with the other birds and animals and also its combination with other elements is also provided. The symbolic companionship of the sacred tree and the bird and its role in the carpets of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari are presented. Finally the studied sample in the carpet of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari is analyzed.