Equitable Distribution Model of Urban Services Based on Social Justice Case Study: District 11, Tehran

City is a social and physical phenomenon that is under the pressure of constant development and many quantitative and qualitative changes take place in it. In the late 1960s, urban planning shifted toward social justice due to increasing urban conflicts in Western societies (concurrent with the presentation of Rawls' theory of social justice) so that it was extremely successful in reducing urban conflicts and social control and creating balance in Western capitalist society. Geographically, the city's social justice is synonymous with a fair distribution of space and facilities between different urban areas and equal access to citizens, and their unfair distribution will lead to social crises and complex and diverse spatial problems. The balanced distribution of urban services will reduce intra-city travel and provide the needs of citizens in the same areas that will improve the urban transportation system in the development of interconnected nodes between urban services and increase economic vitality, dynamism of urban life, comfort and well-being. Inadequate and unequal distribution of services in the 11th district of Tehran due to the lack of attention to social justice is currently one of the challenges of urban management in responding to citizens. Therefore, according to the necessity of the subject, the present study seeks to explain and present a model of equitable distribution of urban services based on social justice. So, the main research question is as follows: -What is the model of fair distribution of social justice-based urban services?

The present study is applied and descriptive-analytical research in terms of content and method. The required data have been collected through library and field methods. Thus, at first, theoretical concepts were explained in order to clarify the issue, and then for the more coherent and efficient discussion of the region, the criteria of urban services and social justice were determined according to the views of experts. It is important to note that in the section on Social Justice Criteria, based on the main aim of the study, which is the equitable distribution of urban services, the principle focus is on the views of John Rawls and David Harvey. The statistical population includes residents of District 11 of Tehran and the volume of the statistical sample in this study is calculated by Cochran's formula that is 384 people. Finally, SPSS and Smart PLS software programs have been used to review descriptive statistics and analyze the collected data and provide a model of equitable distribution of urban services based on social justice.

In order to analyze the final criteria, which were extracted from the theoretical basis and based on the views of experts, after entering the latent variables (main variables and criteria related to each) and obvious (indicators or questions) and drawing the model in Smart PLS software; the final model was analyzed in two ways of estimating the standard and significance coefficients of the coefficients, which represent the extent and significance of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent, respectively. According to experts such as Ringle (2015) and Johnson 2008, the Cronbach's alpha value, the combined reliability, correlation of Spearman and the common reliability value must be above 0.7 and 0.5, respectively. Also, as claimed by Ringle and Henseler, if the CR> AVE condition is firmed, the validity of the model is confirmed. Therefore, according to the obtained results, all the coefficients have the mentioned conditions and the model has reliability and validity. In addition, due to the results of the Fornell and Larcker test, the numbers on the main diameter of the AVE square are greater than the correlation of the corresponding variable with the other variables. Consequently, the questions of one variable were not correlated with the other variable and the research variables were not critically correlated with each other. As a result, divergent validity was confirmed by this test. Also, based on the results of the significance test, the path of social justice on the fair distribution of urban services, which in fact expresses the effect of the independent variable of social justice on the dependent variable of equitable distribution of social services, according to T value, which is outside the range of 1.96 and -1.96 and the value of sig

In the present study, by studying the research literature and theoretical foundations, 6 main criteria such as freedom, equal opportunity, difference, need, participation in public interest and entitlement based on the views of John Rawls and David Harvey have been identified. Also, educational, medical-health, sports, urban green space, urban infrastructure, accessibility and transportation, cultural and recreational criteria have been determined for the distribution of urban services variable. The important point to be found in the results is the three factors of difference, freedom and equal opportunity in the rank of one to three that in addition to showing the importance of the above three factors in achieving social justice in the fair distribution of urban services, it indicates that the main emphasis should be on John Rawls' point of view and the observance of the three principals have been presented by him.