A Survey of Mu'tazilite and Shiite Views on the Effects of Two Collateral Causes on One Caused

In this research, with an analytical-descriptive method, the effects of two collateral causes on one caused from the point of view of Muchr('39')tazilites and Imamiyyeh as well as human ability and Divine power are studied. As is understood by the findings, The Muchr('39')tazilites, including Abd ul-Jabbar, while believing in the primacy of human ability over action, also believe in the power of God over all contingent beings. But in the conflict between the power of God and the power of man over an action, they have considered only man as capable and have tended to delegation. In Imamiyyeh, some of the first theologians (from the companions of the Imams) consider both God and man to be capable in such a way that human ability is conditioned on the health of the limbs and joints and the health of the body, and the fulfillment of the action depends on the cause caused by God. . Some have agreed with the Muchr('39')tazilites and some have spoken of Godchr('39')s power as being more effective than that of man. Contemporary theologians have defended both the power of God and the power of man by recognizing human power as being based on that of God.
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