Effects of Salinity, Vermicompost, Humic Acid and Seed Inoculation with Flavobacterim on Grain Filling of Triticale

Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that reduce the growth and yield of crops. The use of bio and organic fertilizers increases growth and yield of plants to various environmental stresses such as salinity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of vermicompost, humic acid and inoculation of seeds with Flavobacterium in improvment grain filling components and yield triticale.

An experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in greenhouse research of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 2020. Factors experiment were included salinity levels (non-application of salinity as control, application of 50 and 100 mM salinity by NaCl), and bio-fertilizers application (no application of bio-fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, seed inoculation with Flavobacterim,both application vermicompost and Flavobacterim) and foliar application humic acid (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 humic acid).

The results showed that both application of vermicompost, Flavobacterim and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 humic acid under no salinity condition, increased chlorophyll a (83.38%), total chlorophyll (76.61%) and carotenoid (89.26%), maximum of grain weight (53.56%), grain filling period and effective grain filling period (19.39 and 55.11% respectively) in comparison with no application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid under the highest soil salinity level. Also, both application of vermicompost with Flavobacterim and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 humic acid under no salinity condition increased plant height, ear length, the number of grain per spike, 100 grains weight and grain yield of per plant of triticale.

Application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid can increase grain yield of triticale under soil salinity conditions due to improve of chlorophyll content and grain filling components.