Comparison of superior vena cava to aorta diameter ratio in three vessel view in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction and normal growth fetuses

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an obstetrical complication. IUGR increases the chance of neonatal death and obstetrical complications in comparison with normal pregnancy. Timely diagnosis of this condition allows effective interventions that decrease the morbidity and mortality. This study was done to compare of superior vena cava to aorta diameter ratio in three vessel view in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction and normal growth fetuses.

This case control study was performed on 60 mothers in 25 to 37 weeks of pregnancy who were referred to radiology department of a hospital in Iran during 2018-19. 30 patients were diagnosed with IUGR and were included as case group. 30 healthy fetuses were included as control group. Routine ultrasonography was performed for evaluating placenta, fetuse, and amniotic fluid. Also, colour Doppler sonography was performed on umbilical vessels along with superior vena cava and ascending aorta for definite diagnosis of IUGR. Demographic data regarding fetuse’s age, pregnancy status, number of parities, and age of mother were also accumulated. The superior vena cava/aorta ratio (SVC/AO) was compared in IUGR and healthy fetuses. Based on their amniotic fluid, fetuses were divided into normal and mild oligohydramnios.

There was a significant difference in SVC/AO diameter index between case and control groups (P<0.05). Mean SVC/AO ratio was significantly higher in IUGR fetuses in compared to healthy fetuses. There was no significant difference between normal and oligohydramnios fetuses either in case or control groups.

Implementation of SVC/AO diameter index in three vessels view sonography in screening programs for pregnant women can reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.